Optical fiber is a type of cable that is used to transmit digital information in the form of light pulses. It is made up of thin strands of glass or plastic that are designed to carry light over long distances. Here's how optical fiber works:
Light source: A light source such as a laser diode or LED is used to generate a beam of light that is sent into the optical fiber.
Core: The core of the fiber is a thin strand of glass or plastic that is designed to carry the light signal. The core is surrounded by a cladding layer that helps to reflect the light back into the core as it travels down the fiber.
Total internal reflection: As the light signal travels down the core of the fiber, it undergoes a process called total internal reflection. This means that the light signal is reflected back into the core at the boundary between the core and the cladding layer. This reflection ensures that the light signal stays within the fiber and does not leak out.
Data transmission: The light signal is modulated with digital data using a technique called amplitude modulation. This means that the intensity of the light signal is varied to represent the 0s and 1s of digital data.
Receiving end: At the receiving end of the fiber, the light signal is detected by a photosensitive diode or other optical receiver. The receiver then converts the light signal back into an electrical signal, which can be processed by a computer or other digital device.
Overall, optical fiber provides a fast and efficient way to transmit digital information over long distances, with very little signal loss or degradation.
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